Vatican (Holy See). English. |
| The World Factbook 2002 | ||
| Holy See (Vatican City) | 
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| Introduction | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Background: |
Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. |
| Geography | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Location: |
Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
41 54 N, 12 27 E |
| Map
references: |
Europe |
| Area: |
total: 0.44 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 0.44 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Land
boundaries: |
total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
| Coastline: |
0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime
claims: |
none (landlocked) |
| Climate: |
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) |
| Terrain: |
low hill |
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point: unnamed
location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
| Natural
resources: |
none |
| Land
use: |
arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
| Irrigated
land: |
0 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural
hazards: |
NA |
| Environment
- current issues: |
NA |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to: none of
the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
| Geography
- note: |
urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights |
| People | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Population: |
900 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population
growth rate: |
1.15% (2002 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: |
NA% |
| HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS: |
NA |
| HIV/AIDS
- deaths: |
NA |
| Nationality: |
noun: none adjective: none |
| Ethnic
groups: |
Italians, Swiss, other |
| Religions: |
Roman Catholic |
| Languages: |
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
| Literacy: |
definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Government | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Country
name: |
conventional long form:
The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) |
| Government
type: |
ecclesiastical |
| Capital: |
Vatican City |
| Administrative
divisions: |
none |
| Independence: |
11 February 1929 (from Italy)
note: on 11 February 1929, three treaties were signed with Italy which, among other things, recognized the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century |
| National
holiday: |
Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) |
| Constitution: |
Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) |
| Legal
system: |
based on canon law and revisions to it |
| Suffrage: |
limited to cardinals less than 80 years old |
| Executive
branch: |
chief of state: Pope
JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
| Legislative
branch: |
unicameral Pontifical Commission |
| Judicial
branch: |
there are three tribunals
responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three
other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946 |
| Political
parties and leaders: |
none |
| Political
pressure groups and leaders: |
none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) |
| International
organization participation: |
CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO (observer), WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) |
| Diplomatic
representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Diplomatic
representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador R. James "Jim" NICHOLSON embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00162 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box F, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 5758346 |
| Flag
description: |
two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band |
| Economy | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Economy
- overview: |
This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Labor
force: |
NA |
| Labor
force - by occupation: |
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican |
| Budget: |
revenues: $209.6
million expenditures: $198.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997) |
| Industries: |
printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities |
| Electricity
- production by source: |
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Electricity
- consumption: |
NA kWh |
| Electricity
- imports: |
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
none |
| Currency: |
euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL) |
| Currency
code: |
EUR; ITL |
| Exchange
rates: |
euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099 (2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira; the Vatican started using euros in 2002 in conjunction with Italy at a fixed rate of 1,936.17 lire per euro |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year |
| Communications | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Telephones
- main lines in use: |
NA |
| Telephones
- mobile cellular: |
NA |
| Telephone
system: |
general assessment:
automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system |
| Radio
broadcast stations: |
AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Radios: |
NA |
| Television
broadcast stations: |
1 (1996) |
| Televisions: |
NA |
| Internet
country code: |
.va |
| Internet
Service Providers (ISPs): |
NA |
| Internet
users: |
NA |
| Transportation | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Railways: |
total: 0.86 km standard gauge: 0.86 km 1.435-m gauge note: a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station (2001 est.) |
| Highways: |
none; all city streets |
| Waterways: |
none |
| Ports
and harbors: |
none |
| Airports: |
none (2001) |
| Heliports: |
1 (2002) |
| Military | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Military
branches: |
Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera) |
| Military
- note: |
defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope |
| Transnational Issues | Holy See (Vatican City) |
| Disputes
- international: |
none |
Source:
The World Factbook 2002
Last Updated: 19 March 2003
2000-2007
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